사르나트(Sarnath, Sarnātha)는 인도의 지명이다. 녹야원(鹿野園)으로도 불린다. 바라나시의 북방 약 10 km에 위치해 있다. 불교 전통에 따르면, 고타마 붓다가 깨달음을 얻은 후, 자신과 함께 고행했던 다섯 수행자들에게 처음으로 설법("초전법륜")을 한 땅이다. 불교의 4대성지 중 하나이다. 발굴 결과 아소카왕(기원전 3세기 중엽)경부터 12세기까지의 유적과 다수의 조각이 출토되고, 다르마라지카탑과 근본정사를 중심으로, 굽타 시대에 가장 번성했다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 또한 동방에 현존하는 다메크탑은 높이 약 42m, 기부의 직경 약 28m로 굽타 시대의 귀중한 예이다. 출토품의 대부분은 유적의 남쪽에 있는 고고박물관에 수장되어 있다. 입구정면에 있는 아소카왕 석주의 사자상 주두는 같은 종류의 주두 주각 중 가장 장려하며 보존상태도 좋다. 4마리가 등을 마주 댄 사자도, 원형의 정판 측면에 부조된 동물도 세련된 기법으로 자연스럽게 표현되어 있다. ▶▶▶ [참조링크7]ko.wikipedia.org
Sarnath는 오랜 역사를 통해 Mrigadava, Migadāya, Rishipattana 및 Isipatana로 다양하게 알려져 왔습니다. Mrigadava 는 "사슴 공원"을 의미합니다. "Isipatana"는 Pali Canon 에서 사용되는 이름 으로 성스러운 사람들 (Pali : isi , Sanskrit : rishi )이 상륙 한 곳을 의미합니다 . [2] 전설에 의하면 부처님이 태어날 때 일부 신자 가 내려와 500 명에게 발표 할 것이라고합니다. rishis는 모두 공중으로 상승하고 사라지고 그들의 유물은 땅에 떨어졌다. [ 표창장은 필요로했다 ] 하차 여기 (히말라야)에서 공기를 통해 그들의 방법에, 이름에 대한 또 다른 설명은 이시 빠따가 때문에 그렇게 불렸다이다 현인을하거나 공중 비행에 여기에서 시작 (isayo ettha nipatanti uppatanti CATI - Isipatanam) . 칸다 카다 부다는 간다 함다나에서 묵상하면서 7 일을 보내고, 아노 타타 호수에 몸을 담그고, 구호품을 찾아 공중을 통해 사람들의 거주지로옵니다. 그들은 Isipatana에서 지구로 내려갑니다. [3] 때때로 Pacceka Buddhas는 Nandamūlaka-pabbhāra에서 Isipatana에 온다.[4] Xuanzang 은 Migadāya의 기원을 설명하기 위해 Nigrodhamiga Jātaka (Ji145ff)를 인용합니다. 그에게 따르면 사슴 공원은 사슴이 무자비하게 방황 할 수있는 자 타카 (Jātaka)의 베나 레스 (Benares) 왕이 준 숲이었습니다. 사슴이 무자비한 곳을 돌아 다닐 수 있었기 때문에 Migadāya는 소위이었다. 사르나트는 산스크리트어에서 유래 Sāranganātha , [5] "사슴의 제왕"을 의미하고있는 또 다른 오래된 불교 이야기에 관한 것이다 보살은 사슴과 대신 후자 미상의 왕에게 자신의 삶을 제공 죽일 계획 . 왕은 너무 움직여 사슴을위한 성역으로 공원을 만듭니다. 이 공원은 현대에 활동적입니다.
... Sarnath는 인도와 해외의 불교도 모두에게 순례의 장소로 개발되었습니다. 태국, 일본, 티베트, 스리랑카, 미얀마와 같이 불교가 주요 (또는 지배적 인) 종교인 여러 나라에서는 사르 나트 사원과 수도원을 각 나라마다 전형적인 스타일로 설립했습니다. 따라서 순례자와 방문객은 다양한 문화에서 불교 건축의 개요를 경험할 수 있습니다. ▶▶▶ [참조링크8]en.wikipedia.org
English: Dhamek Stupa 中文（简体）: 答枚克佛塔 Date 3 October 2014, 15:31:11 Source Own work Author GONG JIE Camera location 25° 22′ 52.49″ N, 83° 01′ 24.14″ Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
English: Map of the Eight Great Places (four main sites as red diamonds and four additional sites as blue squares) in relation to notable nearby cities by CMG Lee. Date 23 April 2010 Source India relief location map.jpg Author cmglee, Uwe Dedering et al. Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
English: Statue of Gautama Buddha delivering his first sermon in the deer park at Sarnath, Varanasi. He preached the four noble truths, the middle path and Eighfold path. In the statue, he is seated cross-legged (Padmasana i.e. Lotus position) with his right hand turning the Dharmachakra, resting on the Triratna symbol flanked on either side by a deer. He is surrounded by five Bhikkhus (Buddhist monks) with shaven heads. In the background, Vajrapani and other attendants, including probably princes are seen. Statue on display at the Prince of Wales museum in Mumbai. Date 11 July 2015, 16:28:04 Source Own work Author AKS.9955 Camera location 18° 55′ 34.12″ N, 72° 49′ 56.96″ E Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
English: A better image Complete inscription of Bhikshu Bala (translation on image file). A very similar statue of a Bodhisattva from Kausambi, inscribed Year 2 of Kanishka. Bodhisattava dedicated by Bhikshu Bala at Sarnath dated 123 CE by an inscription of Year 3 of the reign of Kanishka. Besides the inscription on the octogonal shaft of the umbrella (here attached), which is the longest, there are also two smaller inscriptions of similar content at the base of the statue: At the front of the base of the statue: "The gift of Friar Bala, a master of the Tripitaka, (namely an image of) the Bodhisattva, has been erected by the great satrap Kharapallana together with the satrap Vanashpara." EI8 p.179 At the back of the base of the statue: "In the 3rd year of the Maharaja Kanishka, the 3rd (month) of winter, the 23rd day, on this (date specified as) above has (this gift) of Friar Bala, a master of the Tripitaka, (namely an image of) the Bodhisattva and an umbrella with a post, been erected." EI8 p.179 "The style is that of the Mathura school, the material is the red sandstone of the Agra quarries" EI8 p.179 Date 1 January 1905 Source Archaeological Survey of India Annual Report for the Year 1904–1905, pp. 59–104, by F.O. Oertel Author F.O. Oertel (1862-1942) Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
English: Complete inscription of Bhikshu Bala (translation on image file). A very similar statue of a Bodhisattva from Kausambi, inscribed Year 2 of Kanishka. Bodhisattava dedicated by Bhikshu Bala at Sarnath dated 123 CE by an inscription of Year 3 of the reign of Kanishka. Besides the inscription on the octogonal shaft of the umbrella (here attached), which is the longest, there are also two smaller inscriptions of similar content at the base of the statue: At the front of the base of the statue: "The gift of Friar Bala, a master of the Tripitaka, (namely an image of) the Bodhisattva, has been erected by the great satrap Kharapallana together with the satrap Vanashpara." EI8 p.179 At the back of the base of the statue: "In the 3rd year of the Maharaja Kanishka, the 3rd (month) of winter, the 23rd day, on this (date specified as) above has (this gift) of Friar Bala, a master of the Tripitaka, (namely an image of) the Bodhisattva and an umbrella with a post, been erected." EI8 p.179 "The style is that of the Mathura school, the material is the red sandstone of the Agra quarries" EI8 p.179 Date 1 January 1927 Source June Coomaraswamy Origin of the Buddha Image, published 1927 Author June Coomaraswamy Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
English: The statue that was being dedicated. The shaft was supporting a stone umbrella over the statue. The statue itself has two shorter inscriptions of similar content.pp.271-272. Sarnath umbrella shaft inscription Kanishka Year 3. Original text: 1. maharafszcjjasya k[a]niskasya sam 3 he 3 di 20-2 2. etaye purvaye bhiksusya pusyavuddhisya saddhyevi- 3. harisya bhiksusya balasya tr[e]pi[ta]kasya 4. bodhisatvo chatrayasti ca pratisthapit[o] 5. baranasiye bhagavato ca[m]k[r?]ame saha mata- 6. pitihi saha upaddhyayaca[rye]hi saddhyevihari- 7. hi amtevasikehi ca saha buddhamitraye trepitika- 8. ye saha ksatra[pe]na vanasparena kharapall[a]- 9. nena ca saha ca[tu]hi parisahi sarvasatvanarn 10. hita[szc]sukharttham Translation: 1. In the year 3 of the Great King Kaniska, [month] 3 of winter, day 22: 2-3. on this aforementioned [date], [as the gift] of the Monk Bala, Tripitaka Master and companion of the Monk Pusyavuddhi [= Pusyavrddhi or Pusyabuddhi?], 4. this Bodhisattva and umbrella-and-staff was established 5. in Varanasi, at the Lord’s promenade, together with [Bala’s] mother 6. and father, with his teachers and masters, his companions 7. and students, with the Tripitaka Master Buddhamitra, 8. with the Ksatrapa Vanaspara and Kharapallana, 9. and with the four communities, 10. for the welfare and happiness of all beings. Salomon p.271-272 Epigraphia Indica p.173 Date 1 January 1905 Source Epigraphia Indica VIII] Published 1905 Author ASI 1905 Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
English: Another view Kausambi Yaksha inscribed Kanishka Year 2. A pile of lotus flowers between his feet. "One, inscribed in the regnal year 2 of King Kanishka and dedicated by a nun called Buddhamitra, , was set up at Kausambi" in Idea and image in Indian art - Page 21. Inscription: "In the 2nd year of the reign of Kanishka, Bhikkhuni Buddhimitra put up this Bodhisattva at this place sanctified by the Buddha's several visits." Early History of Kausambi p.xxi. This statue is very similar to the Bala Bodhisattva of Sarnath. Bodhisattava dedicated by Bhikshu Bala at Sarnath, inscribed Kanishka Year 3. Date 1 January 1935 Source Photographs from "Early History Of Kausambi" Publication date 1935 Author Nagendra Nath Ghosh Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
Sridigamber Jain Temple, Singhpuri, Sarnath, Varanasi. Date 31 December 2008, 12:13:56 Source originally posted to Flickr as Sridigamber Jain Temple, Singhpuri, Sarnath, Varanasi Author Yusuke Kawasaki Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
Ancient Buddhist monasteries near Dhamekh Stupa Monument Site, Sarnath. Date 31 December 2008, 13:22:30 Source originally posted to Flickr as Dhamekh Stupa Monument Site Author Yusuke Kawasaki Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Ancient_Buddhist_monasteries_near_Dhamekh_Stupa_Monument_Site`%2C_Sarnath.jpg Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
English: own photography, public domain Date 17 January 2007 (original upload date) Source Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons by Sreejithk2000 using CommonsHelper. Author Jonas Maria E. at English Wikipedia Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
English: Inscription in Brahmi on the pillar of Sarnath Español: Inscripcciones en Brahmi en el pilar de Sarnath Date 23 May 2009 Source wikimedia Author free Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
Le Bouddha d'or du temple Mulagandhakuti Vihāra de Sârnâth (Mulgand Kuti Vihar) C'est un temple construit au début du XXème siècle près de l'endroit où la Bouddha passa sa première mousson. _______________ Sârnâth est à 10 km de Varanasi, l'ancienne Bénarès. C'est un site majeur du Bouddhisme car, après avoir atteint l'Eveil, le Bouddha a prononcé, sous l'arbre de la Bhodi (Eveil), dans le parc des gazelles de Sârnâth, son premier sermon devant ses cinq premiers disciples. Cet évènement majeur est appelé la Mise en Mouvement de la Roue du Dharma (ou de la Loi) car il marque le début de l'enseignement et de la diffusion de la doctrine à travers le monde. Au-dessus des temples bouddhistes de la tradition tibétaine, on peut voir une roue à rayons, qui représente la Roue du Dharma, et qui est regardée par deux gazelles en référence au premier sermon. L'Empereur bouddhiste Ashoka fit ériger, au IIIème siècle avant J.-C., à l'endroit du premier sermon un stûpa et une colonne gravée, dite Édit du Schisme. Par la suite, plusieurs grands monastères se sont développés à Sârnâth jusqu'à leur destruction par les envahisseurs musulmans à l'époque médiévale. Le site de Sârnâth est devenu un lieu de pèlerinage. Plusieurs temples et monuments commémoratifs y ont été construits, des fouilles archéologiques ont permis de mettre en valeur le site et un musée a été créé. Date 19 January 2013, 10:45:00 Source Flickr: Le Mulagandhakuti Vihāra (Sârnâth) Author Jean-Pierre Dalbéra Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
Interior of the Jain Temple dedicated to Shreyansanath, the eleventh Jain Tirthankar, Sarnath, considered his birth place. Date 2 April 2009, 02:28:56 Source originally posted to Flickr as Jain Temple Interior - Sarnath Author Ken Wieland Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
English: The Tibetan temple in Sarnath, India. Deutsch: Der von der Tibetanischen Gemeinde errichtete Tempel in Sarnath, Indien Date 12 March 2004 Source Own work Author Flying Pharmacist Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
A Buddhist temple at Sarnath. Date 31 December 2008, 11:01:52 Source originally posted to Flickr as IMGP1167 Author Yusuke Kawasaki Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
English: "Classical head of Maurya period". According to Gupta in "The roots of Indian art" p.318, this is a "non-Indian face with a conical hat, due to the presence of foreigners with their costumes, tastes and liking for portrait art" Date 1 January 1911 Source A history of fine art in India and Ceylon, from the earliest times to the present day by Smith, Vincent Arthur, 1848-1920 Published 1911 [1] Author Smith, Vincent Arthur, 1848-1920 Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
English: Capital from Sarnath, Mauryan period; Front and back of the capital. Reconstitution of the full pillar capital. Date 1 January 1910 Source A history of fine art in India and Ceylon, from the earliest times to the present day Author Smith, Vincent Arthur, 1848-1920 Publish Date 1911 p.102 [1] Author Smith, Vincent Arthur, 1848-1920 Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
English: Reconstitution of the full pillar capital. Sarnath pillar capital front and back. Date 1 January 1905 Source Combination of these two files: Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
English: Mauryan capital 250 BCE drawing. Detail of Mauryan capital 250 BCE.jpg The upper portion corresponds to the small capital found at Sarnath. Date 1 January 1900 Source Indian Architecture (Buddhist And Hindu) [1]. First published in India in 1900 [2] Author Percy Brown (1872-1955) Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
English: Sarnath capital with elephant. Front and back of the capital. Reconstitution of the full pillar capital. Date 1 January 1905 Source Archaeological Survey of India Annual Report for the Year 1904–1905, pp. 59–104, by F.O. Oertel Author F.O. Oertel (1862-1942) Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
English: Sarnath - Plan of Excavations Date 3 October 2014, 15:27:48 Source Own work Author Neo954 Camera location 25° 22′ 51″ N, 83° 01′ 23″ E Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
English: View of Lord Buddha at Thai Temple Sarnath Varanasi. Date 28 May 2018, 07:57:11 Source Own work Author AverageGuyPU Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
English: Part of a Buddha-statue, showing the first five disciples of the Buddha at the Isipatana Deerpark of Sarnath, showing their respects to the Wheel of the Dhamma. Polski: Pięciu pierwszych uczniów Buddy oddaje cześć kołu Dharmy. Nederlands: De eerste vijf discipelen respecteren het Wiel van de Dhamma in het hertenpark van Sarnath. 中文: 五比丘礼敬表征佛法的法轮. తెలుగు: ఇస్పితానా జింకలవనం లో, మొదటి ఐదు బౌద్ధ శిష్యులు, ధర్మచక్రానికి నివాళులర్పిస్తూ. ไทย: ปฐมเทศนา ธัมมจักกัปปวัตตนสูตร เป็นเหตุให้ปัญจวัคคีย์รู้แจ้งในธรรม ณ สวนกวาง ป่าอิสิปตน. Date Source I made this picture myself. Author DhJ Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
English: Dhamekh Stupa, Sarnath, originally built by Mauryan King, Ashoka in 249 BC. (Sarnath is one of the holiest places in the Buddhist world - it was the location of the Buddha's first teaching) Date 17 August 2004 Source https://www.flickr.com/photos/soylentgreen23/6597866/ Author https://www.flickr.com/photos/soylentgreen23/ Permission & Licensing : Wikipedia
